Od lat w ramach statystyk MBTI robi się badania na liczebność typów i preferencji i wyraźnie wychodzi, że intro stanowią ok. 50%, a nawet ciut więcej:
Wreszcie ktoś (dr Helen Helgoe ) pogrzebał w źródłach danych, które mówiły o ok. 25% introwertyków, i się okazało, że ta liczba nie ma żadnego potwierdzenia w wynikach. Po prostu jak twórczynie MBTI pisały o przedstawicielach konkretnych preferencji, to miały za małą grupę badanych do korelacji Intro-ekstra, i na podstawie szacunku Isabel Myers założyła, że intro jest ok. 25%. Potem do wydania dołączono poprawione wyniki, ale umieszczono je gdzieś w przypisie i pisarze, dziennikarze i w ogóle naukowcy patrzyli na pierwotne dane szacunkowe i bez sprawdzenia przekazywali je dalej.According to the 1998 National Representative Sample, the breakdowns by preference are:
(E- Extroversion, I- Introversion)
Total: E 49.3%, I 50.7%
Males: E 45.9%, I 54.1%
Females: E 52.5%, I 47.5%
Source:
Myers, I. B., McCaulley, M. H., Quenk, N. L., & Hammer, A. L. (1998). MBTI Manual: A guide to the development and use of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (3rd ed.). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Tutaj Helen Helgoe pisze o tym w swojej książce "Introvert Power" (podkreślenia moje najważniejszych fragmentów):
"Half of us.
More than half of us prefer introversion to extroversion.
When I share this fact with introverts, they consistently react with disbelief. Half. I almost have to say it as a mantra to myself, because I also have been programmed to believe that our numbers are few. But the assumption that introverts are the exception is not just something floating around in the ether; it's available in any bookstore. Virtually every self-help book on introversion to date indicates that we make up one-third of the population. One of these, hot off the press in 2007, states: "They [extroverts] represent the norm of Western society and outnumber introverts three to one."
If you search the Internet, as introverts often do, some sources estimate that introverts make up only one-fourth of the population. A 2004 "Ask Yahoo" entry posed the question, "What's the ratio of introverts to extroverts in the human population?" The response? "According to several sources, extroverts make up 60 to 75 percent of the population." And "several sources" do place introverts in the minority—confidently, conclusively. The belief in the minority status of introverts has seeped into our pores and become conventional wisdom.
In order to get a perspective on how this happened, we'll need to rewind about fifty years. Bear with me: you need to see it to believe it.
A vast amount of data is generated from the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI ), which is available in twenty-one languages and is administered to over two million individuals each year. The MBTI measures introversion and extroversion, along with the other aspects of type developed by Jung and his successors.
During the formative stages of the MBTI, beginning in 1942 and resulting in the first MBTI Manual in 1962, Isabel Briggs Myers realized that she needed to get a read on the percentages of introverts and extroverts in the population. This was not an easy task at the time. Population studies were extremely rare, and would have been unheard of for a test instrument. Myers still was not satisfied to rely on her hunches, so she carefully designed and conducted a study of 399 male eleventh and twelfth grade students. Only 26.9 percent of the boys were identified as introverted. Myers adjusted the percentage to correct for the bias of her sample, and came up with her population estimate of "one-third." The estimate was published in the 1962 manual, though the study supporting it was never published.
It is important to note that the MBTI is not a static entity. In the tradition established by Myers herself, the test continued to be "tested" with progressively larger samples. What started as Form A is now Form M, and by my count, the MBTI has undergone a good ten revisions—and counting! This progressive tradition has spawned a vast amount of research over the years. But in 1998, researchers were finally able to do what Isabel Briggs Myers could not: an actual population study. The study was based on a national representative sample—3,009 randomly selected individuals—which, through weighting of underrepresented groups, was made to approximate the distribution of the 1990 U.S. Census. The findings were clear: introverts and extroverts are equally represented in the population. A follow-up study, using a national representative sample of 1,378 subjects, was published in 2001. The new study not only dispels the myth of an extrovert majority, but turns it upside-down: introverts represent 57 percent of the population, and extroverts trail behind at 43 percent. The estimate made over forty years earlier has been rendered obsolete.
Or so it would seem.
Why is the outdated minority statistic referenced so often? One reason may be the tendency to use secondary references in publications. Isabel Briggs Myers used her original estimate in her book, Gifts Differing, first published in 1980. When the popular book was printed again in 1995, the chapter on introversion and extroversion still quoted the statistic, though a footnote clarifies, "An early, unpublished study by Isabel Briggs Myers is the basis of statements in this chapter about the frequencies of types in the general population." Other authors quoted this statistic without the footnote, and their books became references to other sources. Before long, "several sources" were repeating Myers' original estimate, and a fact was born. What seemed to be several was actually one well-reasoned but extremely out-of-date statistic."
("Introvert Power" Helen Helgoe)
A tu jeszcze dwa linki na ten temat:
http://introvertzone.com/ratio-of-introverts,
http://www.thoughtful-self-improvement. ... verts.html.
I co Wy na to?